The tables below illustrate the Pandoran alphabet as well as the evolution and pronunciation thereof. At this point, the words below are transcriptions of Greek and Latin words.
Pandoran alphabet[]
A | B | Γ | Δ | E | Ϝ | Z[1] | H | Θ | Ι | K | Λ | Μ | N | Ξ | O | Π | Ϙ | Ρ | Σ | T | Υ | Φ | Χ[2] | Ψ |
Alfa | Beta | Gamma | Delta | Epsilon | Vav | Zeta | Haw | Theta | Iota | Kappa | Lambda | Mu | Nu | Ksí | Omicron | Pí | Kvoppa | Rho | Sigma | Tau | Upsilon | Fí | Chí | Psí |
Pandoran IPA[]
Consonants [3] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
IPA | Ancient | Modern | Example(s) | English |
b | β | Bρύτυς | buoy | |
g | γ | γραϝις | gear | |
ɲ | ιγνις | igneous | ||
gʷ[4] | γϝ | λινγϝα | Gwen | |
d | δ | δεκεμ | deck | |
v | ϝ | ϝερβυμ | vest | |
w | ϝ | west | ||
z | ζ | ζέλυς | zest | |
h | η | ηαβεο | her | |
j | ι, ϊ | ιύς | yodel | |
k | κ | καπυτ | scar | |
kʰ | χ | χαρτα | car | |
tʃ[5] | χ | chin | ||
ks | ξ | νιξ | ox | |
kv | ϙ | ϙí | Kvapil, as digraph | |
kʷ | ϙ | quest | ||
l | λ | λoκα | leave | |
ɫ | μυλτα | all | ||
m | μ | μανυσ | man | |
n | ν | νοςτερ | next | |
p | π | παξ | span | |
ps | ψ | ψαικί | lapse | |
ɾ | ρ | δρακό | dragon | |
r | ρεγιο | run, but trilled | ||
r̥ | ῥ | Ῥέα | diarrhea | |
s | ς | ςυμ | send | |
sv | ςϝ | Σϝέτόνια | svelte, [sv] pron. | |
sʷ | ςϝ | swear | ||
t | τ | ταβυλα | Stan | |
tʰ | θ | Πρoμέθεύς | tar | |
θ[6] | θ | thong | ||
ð | ð | θαλαςςα | this | |
f | φ | φακιο | fan |
Vowels | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
IPA | Ancient | Modern | Example(s) | English |
a | α | ανιμα | hat Received Pronunciation (RP) | |
ᴀ[7] | ά | άκερ | father | |
ɛ[8] | ε | εστ | met | |
e | έ | έλεκτυς | made | |
y | ὲ | κὲμα | few | |
ɪ | ι | ινκιπιτ | mit | |
i | ί | ίρα | meet | |
ɔ | ο | ομνις | lot (RP) | |
o | ό | δαιμόν | code | |
ʊ | υ | υρβς | put | |
u | ύ | λύνα | moon | |
aɪ̯ | αι | αιτάς | eye | |
aʊ̯ | αυ | αυρυμ | ow | |
ɔɪ̯ | οι | ποινα | boy | |
◌̃[10] | μV, νV | νιμβυς | Short nasal vowels | |
◌̃ː[11] | V before word-final (μ) V+ν before (φ, ς) |
μονςτρυμ | Long nasal vowels |
Prosody | ||
---|---|---|
IPA | Examples | Info |
ˈ[12] | Γαιυς /ˈɡaɪ̯.ʊs/ |
Placed before the stressed syllable. |
.[13] | Syllable marker, generally between vowels in hiatus |
Notes[]
- ↑ [Dz] function never present in Pandoran.
- ↑ [Ks] function never present in Pandoran.
- ↑ Geminate (double) consonants are written with a doubled letter except for /jj/ and /vv/: ανυς /ˈa.nʊs/, αννυσ /ˈan.nʊς/. In IPA, they may be written as double or be followed by the length sign: /nn/ or /nː/.
- ↑ Appears as [gw] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ These [tʃ, ɫ, ɾ, r] appears as [ch, ll, r, rr], respectively, in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ The dental fricatives [θ, ð] appears as [th] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ The long vowels [ᴀ, e, i, o, u] appear as [a:, e:, i:, o:, u:] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ These vowels [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] appear as [e, i, o, u] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ These [aɪ̯, aʊ̯, ɔɪ̯] appear as [(ai), (au), (oi)] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ These [ã, ɛ̃, ɪ̃, ɔ̃, ʊ̃, ỹ] appear as [a#, e#, i#, o#, u#, y#] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ These [ᴀ̃, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ] appear as [a;, e;, i;, o;, u;] in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ Appears as (') in Furcadia descriptions.
- ↑ Appears as (.) in Furcadia descriptions.
Stress[]
To determine stress, consider the final syllable as extra metric; then place the accent on the syllable with the penult metric mora. For example:
Koνδιτυμ ("founded") <ko•n—di—tum> ['kɔn.dɪ.tʊ̃ː]
Koνδίτυμ ("seasoned") <ko•n—di•i—tum> [kɔn'dɪː.tʊ̃ː]
Koνδυκτυμ ("brought together") <ko•n—du•k—tum> [kɔn'dʊk.tʊ̃ː]